What is Partial Truckload Shipping?
Partial Truckload (PTL) shipping is a freight transportation mode designed for shipments that are too large for Less Than Truckload (LTL) services but too small to justify the cost of a Full Truckload (FTL). This middle-ground solution occupies approximately 25-75% of a standard 53-foot trailer, typically weighing between 5,000 and 28,000 pounds. PTL bridges the gap where LTL becomes inefficient and FTL is financially impractical, offering shippers a cost-effective alternative with faster transit times and reduced handling compared to traditional LTL.
Understanding PTL shipping is crucial for businesses looking to optimize their logistics costs and delivery times. This shipping method has gained popularity as companies seek to balance the expense of dedicating an entire trailer against the slower service and increased damage risk associated with multi-stop LTL shipments. By choosing PTL, shippers can enjoy many benefits of FTL service—such as fewer touchpoints and quicker delivery—while only paying for the trailer space their freight actually uses.
Partial Truckload Definition and Overview
Partial Truckload shipping refers to a freight service where a shipment occupies a significant portion of a trailer but doesn’t require the entire space. Unlike LTL, where multiple shippers’ freight is consolidated with numerous stops along the route, PTL typically involves only one or two shippers per truck, resulting in direct or limited-stop delivery. This approach emerged as carriers and third-party logistics providers recognized a service gap: shipments of 6-18 pallets were experiencing diminished returns with LTL pricing while not being large enough to warrant full truckload rates that could reach $1,800-$3,500 per load depending on distance.
The key distinction lies in how freight is handled and routed. LTL shipments move through multiple terminals and distribution centers, accumulating handling fees and extending transit times with each transfer point. PTL shipments, conversely, minimize these touchpoints—often moving directly from origin to destination or making just one intermediate stop. This results in faster delivery, reduced damage risk, and better freight security. For businesses shipping medium-volume freight regularly, PTL can reduce transportation costs by 20-40% compared to FTL while offering 1-2 day faster transit than LTL.
Comparison Table: LTL vs. PTL vs. FTL
| Feature | LTL (Less Than Truckload) | PTL (Partial Truckload) | FTL (Full Truckload) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Typical Weight | 150 - 5,000 lbs | 5,000 - 28,000 lbs | 28,000 - 45,000 lbs |
| Pallet Count | 1-6 pallets | 6-18 pallets | 18-26 pallets |
| Trailer Space | <25% (shared) | 25-75% (1-2 shippers) | 100% (dedicated) |
| Handling Points | 4-6+ terminals | 1-2 stops | Direct delivery |
| Transit Time | 5-7 days (regional) | 2-4 days | 1-3 days |
| Cost Range | $200 - $1,500 | $800 - $2,800 | $1,800 - $5,000+ |
| Damage Risk | Higher (multiple touches) | Moderate (minimal handling) | Lowest (no transfers) |
| Best For | Small shipments | Medium-sized loads | Large shipments |
Key Characteristics of PTL Freight
PTL shipments share several defining characteristics that distinguish them from other freight modes. The typical PTL load consists of 6-18 standard pallets (48” x 40”), occupying roughly 8-24 linear feet of a 53-foot trailer, which translates to approximately one-third to half of the available space. In PTL consolidation, carriers strategically match two or more shippers with freight moving in the same general direction, loading them onto a single trailer at an origin consolidation point or picking them up sequentially along the route—this means your freight shares space with just one other shipment rather than the 10-15 different shipments common in LTL. These shipments experience minimal handling—usually just one pickup and one delivery, or at most one consolidation point—significantly reducing the risk of damage that’s common with LTL’s multiple terminal transfers. PTL freight often includes goods that are too valuable or fragile for the rough handling of LTL but don’t require the premium cost of a dedicated FTL truck, such as retail merchandise, electronics, or packaged consumer goods. The service provides a sweet spot for businesses that need reliability and speed without paying for empty trailer space, with transit times typically 40-50% faster than standard LTL while costing 30-60% less than FTL for similar distances.
Weight and Size Parameters
PTL shipping operates within specific weight and dimensional parameters that help determine whether freight qualifies for this service. The standard weight range falls between 5,000 and 28,000 pounds, with the ideal sweet spot for cost efficiency occurring between 8,000 and 15,000 pounds—roughly 6-12 standard pallets. From a dimensional perspective, PTL loads typically consume 8-24 linear feet of trailer space, which represents 25-75% of a standard 53-foot dry van trailer. Carriers calculate pricing based on both weight and space utilization, so density matters: a 10,000-pound shipment occupying 10 linear feet will receive better rates than the same weight spread across 18 feet. Shipments falling below 5,000 pounds are generally more economical through LTL carriers, while those exceeding 28,000 pounds or requiring more than 24 linear feet should consider FTL options to maximize value and avoid per-foot surcharges that can increase costs by 15-25%.
Weight and Size Parameters Table
| Parameter | Minimum | Maximum | Optimal Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight | 5,000 lbs | 28,000 lbs | 8,000 - 15,000 lbs | Below 5,000 lbs: use LTL |
| Pallet Count | 6 pallets | 18 pallets | 8-12 pallets | Based on standard 48” x 40” pallets |
| Linear Feet | 8 feet | 24 feet | 10-16 feet | Out of 53-foot trailer |
| Trailer Space | 25% | 75% | 35-50% | Optimal cost-per-pound efficiency |
| Typical Dimensions | 96” L x 48” W | 288” L x 102” W | 144-192” L x 48-96” W | Height limit: 108” (9 feet) |
| Density | Varies | Varies | 8-15 lbs/cubic foot | Higher density = better rates |
How Partial Truckload Shipping Works
Partial truckload (PTL) shipping is a freight transportation method that bridges the gap between full truckload (FTL) and less-than-truckload (LTL) services. In PTL shipping, carriers combine 2-4 compatible shipments from different customers onto a single truck, with each shipment typically ranging from 6 to 18 pallets or occupying 8 to 24 feet of trailer space. Unlike LTL freight that moves through multiple distribution terminals, PTL shipments remain on the same truck from origin to destination, reducing handling and transit time while maintaining cost efficiency.
The key advantage of PTL shipping lies in its balance of dedicated service and shared costs. Shippers pay only for the trailer space they use—typically 25% to 75% of the truck’s capacity—rather than the full cost of an entire truck. This makes PTL an ideal solution for shipments that are too large for economical LTL shipping but too small to justify the expense of a full truckload, with costs generally ranging from $800 to $2,500 depending on distance, freight class, and space requirements.
PTL Shipping Comparison:
| Aspect | Full Truckload (FTL) | Partial Truckload (PTL) | Less Than Truckload (LTL) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Truck dedication | Single shipper | 2-4 shippers | Multiple shippers (10+) |
| Typical shipment size | 24+ pallets | 6-18 pallets | 1-6 pallets |
| Trailer space used | 100% (48-53 feet) | 25-75% (12-36 feet) | <25% (up to 12 feet) |
| Handling frequency | Minimal (direct) | Low (direct) | High (multiple terminals) |
| Transit time | 1-3 days | 2-4 days | 3-7+ days |
| Cost range | $1,500-$5,000+ | $800-$2,500 | $300-$1,200 |
The Single Truck Transport Process
The defining characteristic of PTL shipping is that all consolidated freight remains on a single truck throughout the entire journey, eliminating the need for cross-docking or terminal transfers common in LTL networks. Once the carrier loads 2-4 compatible shipments—typically heading in the same general direction or along a logical route—the truck makes a maximum of 4-5 total stops (pickups and deliveries combined) while traveling directly from pickup locations to delivery destinations. This single-truck approach significantly reduces freight handling, which translates to lower damage rates (typically 30-40% less than LTL), faster delivery times, and improved chain of custody since your shipment isn’t being unloaded and reloaded at distribution centers, while shipments are organized within the trailer in reverse delivery order with careful attention to weight distribution and load security.
Pickup and Consolidation
The PTL consolidation process begins when carriers identify multiple shipments traveling in the same geographic corridor within a similar timeframe. The carrier strategically plans a pickup route to collect freight from 2-4 different shippers, typically completing all pickups within a 24-48 hour window and within a 200-300 mile radius of each other. Freight is loaded onto the truck in reverse delivery order, with the last delivery positioned at the front of the trailer for easy access, while careful attention is paid to weight distribution and load security to ensure safe transport of multiple customers’ goods on the same vehicle.
PTL Consolidation Timeline:
| Stage | Timeframe | Activity |
|---|---|---|
| Booking | Day 1 | Shipper requests PTL quote and books space |
| Route Planning | Day 1-2 | Carrier matches compatible shipments heading same direction |
| First Pickup | Day 2-3 | Load first shipment (typically furthest from destination) |
| Additional Pickups | Day 2-3 | Load 2-3 more shipments along optimized route |
| Final Consolidation | Day 3 | Complete loading, secure freight, begin line-haul transport |
| Transit | Day 3-5 | Direct transport to delivery corridor |
Delivery Process
PTL deliveries follow an optimized route that minimizes total miles traveled while meeting each customer’s delivery window commitments, with the carrier sequencing deliveries based on geographic proximity and appointment times to unload freight at each stop along a logical path that can span 300-600 miles from the first to last delivery. Most PTL routes include 2-4 delivery stops completed within 24-48 hours, with real-time tracking available so shippers can monitor their freight’s progress and receive estimated arrival notifications. If a delivery location is unavailable during the scheduled window due to closures or access issues, the carrier typically proceeds to the next stop and reschedules the missed delivery for later that day or the following day, though this may incur additional redelivery fees of $75-$150 depending on the carrier’s policies and the distance required to return to that location.
Partial Truckload (PTL)
Partial Truckload (PTL) shipping is a freight transportation method designed for shipments that fall between LTL and FTL in size—typically 6-12 pallets or 5,000-15,000 lbs. Unlike LTL, PTL shipments share truck space with only one or two other shippers and experience minimal handling, resulting in faster transit times (usually 2-4 days) and reduced damage risk. This option offers better pricing than FTL since you only pay for the space you use, while maintaining many of FTL’s benefits like direct routing and limited stops. However, PTL has more limited carrier availability compared to LTL or FTL, and scheduling can be less flexible since carriers need to coordinate multiple partial loads. Despite these constraints, PTL is ideal for mid-sized shipments, time-sensitive freight, or fragile goods that benefit from reduced handling but don’t require a dedicated truck.
Benefits of Partial Truckload Shipping
Partial truckload (PTL) shipping offers a strategic middle ground between less-than-truckload (LTL) and full truckload (FTL) options, providing businesses with an optimal solution for mid-sized shipments that are too large for LTL but don’t require an entire trailer. This shipping mode typically handles freight ranging from 6 to 18 pallets or 5,000 to 30,000 pounds, making it ideal for companies that consistently ship volumes exceeding standard LTL thresholds but fall short of FTL requirements. PTL carriers dedicate a portion of their trailer exclusively to your freight, sharing space with only one or two other shipments heading in the same direction.
The advantages of PTL shipping extend beyond simple load optimization. By choosing this method, shippers gain access to faster transit times, reduced handling, lower damage rates, and more predictable delivery schedules compared to traditional LTL services. Additionally, PTL eliminates many of the complexities associated with freight classification while offering flexible solutions for non-standard cargo sizes that don’t fit neatly into conventional shipping categories.
| Feature | LTL | Partial Truckload (PTL) | Full Truckload (FTL) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shipment Size | 1-6 pallets | 6-18 pallets | 18-26 pallets |
| Weight Range | 150-5,000 lbs | 5,000-30,000 lbs | 30,000-45,000 lbs |
| Transit Time | 3-7 days | 2-4 days | 1-3 days |
| Handling Events | 5-8+ touchpoints | 2-3 touchpoints | 2 touchpoints |
| Cost Per Pound | Higher | Moderate | Lowest |
Cost Efficiency for Mid-Sized Loads
Partial truckload shipping delivers significant cost savings for businesses with mid-sized shipments, particularly those shipping 8 to 16 pallets. When your freight exceeds LTL thresholds (typically 6 pallets or 5,000 pounds), continuing to use LTL services results in expensive per-pallet rates and additional handling fees. Conversely, booking a full truckload for partial loads means paying for unused trailer space—often 30% to 50% of the trailer remains empty, wasting $500 to $1,500 per shipment. PTL eliminates both inefficiencies by charging based on the linear feet or pallet positions your freight actually occupies, making it 20% to 40% more economical than LTL for qualifying shipments and avoiding the waste of paying for empty FTL space.
| Scenario | 12 Pallets via LTL | 12 Pallets via PTL | 12 Pallets via FTL | Best Option |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago to Atlanta (700 miles) | $3,200-$3,800 | $2,100-$2,600 | $2,800-$3,200 (paying for 14 empty pallet spaces) | PTL saves $1,100-$1,200 |
| Los Angeles to Dallas (1,400 miles) | $4,500-$5,200 | $3,000-$3,600 | $3,800-$4,400 (underutilized) | PTL saves $1,500-$1,600 |
Faster Transit Times
Partial truckload shipping offers substantially faster delivery than LTL because your freight typically makes only one stop or moves directly to its destination, avoiding the multiple terminal transfers that characterize LTL networks. While LTL shipments pass through 3 to 5 consolidation terminals—each adding 12 to 24 hours of dwell time—PTL freight is paired with only one or two other compatible shipments heading in the same direction, reducing total transit time by 40% to 60%. For a 1,000-mile shipment, PTL typically delivers in 2 to 3 business days compared to 5 to 7 days for LTL, providing a speed advantage that approaches FTL service without requiring a dedicated truck.
Reduced Freight Handling and Damage Risk
The streamlined nature of partial truckload shipping dramatically reduces freight handling events, which directly correlates to lower damage rates and reduced freight claims. LTL shipments undergo 5 to 8 handling events as freight is loaded, unloaded, sorted, and transferred at multiple terminals, with each touchpoint introducing risk of damage, loss, or misplacement. PTL freight experiences only 2 to 3 handling events—initial loading, potentially one intermediate stop, and final delivery—resulting in damage rates that are 60% to 75% lower than LTL. This protection is particularly valuable for fragile items, high-value electronics, specialty equipment, and products sensitive to temperature fluctuations or rough handling, where the cost of damage often exceeds the freight charges themselves.
| Shipping Method | Typical Handling Events | Damage Risk Level | Average Damage Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| LTL | 5-8+ (origin terminal, sort facilities, break-bulk centers, destination terminal) | Higher | 2.5-3.5% of shipments |
| PTL | 2-3 (loading, possible 1 stop, unloading) | Lower | 0.8-1.2% of shipments |
| FTL | 2 (loading at origin, unloading at destination) | Lowest | 0.3-0.6% of shipments |
No Freight Classification Required
One of the most significant administrative advantages of partial truckload shipping is the elimination of freight classification requirements that plague LTL shippers. LTL carriers mandate that all freight be assigned a National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) code—a complex system with 18 freight classes based on density, stowability, handling, and liability—which often leads to misclassification, surprise re-weigh fees, and billing disputes that can add 15% to 30% to final costs. PTL pricing is based on simpler metrics such as pallet count, linear feet occupied, or total weight, removing the guesswork and administrative burden of determining whether your shipment is Class 60, 85, or 125. This streamlined approach saves shippers time on documentation, eliminates costly reclassification penalties, and provides more predictable, transparent pricing from quote to final invoice.
Flexibility for Odd-Sized Cargo
Partial truckload shipping excels at accommodating freight that doesn’t conform to standard LTL or FTL parameters, providing solutions for the challenging middle ground that many businesses face. Shipments like 10 pallets, oversized machinery components, mixed product loads, or freight with unusual dimensions often create inefficiencies—too expensive per unit via LTL, yet insufficient to justify an entire 53-foot trailer that leaves 40% of capacity unused. PTL carriers offer flexible space allocation, allowing you to book exactly the trailer space you need (measured in linear feet or pallet positions) without the rigid constraints of LTL weight breaks or the pressure to fill an entire truck. This flexibility is particularly valuable for manufacturers with irregular production runs, retailers managing seasonal inventory fluctuations, and distributors consolidating orders from multiple suppliers into a single shipment.
| Shipment Type | LTL Challenge | FTL Challenge | PTL Solution |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 pallets (15,000 lbs) | Expensive per-pallet rates ($280-$350/pallet) | Wasted space (60% empty trailer, paying $2,500-$3,000) | Optimal fit (pays for 10 pallet spots, $2,000-$2,400) |
| Oversized machinery (8 ft × 6 ft × 12 ft) | Size/weight restrictions, special handling fees | Underutilization (single item in 53 ft trailer) | Flexible space allocation (shares with compatible freight) |
| Mixed freight (12 pallets, varying weights) | Complex classification for each pallet type | Inefficient for partial load | Simplified handling (one rate, minimal documentation) |
| Non-stackable cargo | Limited vertical space utilization | Paying for unused floor space | Space-efficient pairing with similar freight |
When Should You Use Partial Truckload?
Partial truckload (PTL) shipping fills the critical gap between less-than-truckload (LTL) and full truckload (FTL) options, making it ideal when your freight is too large for LTL but doesn’t require an entire trailer. The sweet spot for PTL is typically 6-12 pallets or 8-18 linear feet of trailer space, weighing between 5,000 and 25,000 pounds. This shipping method offers faster transit times than LTL with fewer handling points, while remaining more cost-effective than paying for unused space in a full truckload.
Choosing PTL becomes advantageous when you need faster delivery than standard LTL can provide but don’t want to absorb the cost of a dedicated truck. It’s particularly valuable for time-sensitive shipments, high-value cargo that requires minimal handling, or when you’re shipping fragile goods that benefit from reduced transfer points. Understanding when to select PTL over other options can save you 20-40% compared to FTL while cutting transit time by 2-3 days compared to LTL.
| Shipping Method | Freight Size | Transit Time | Handling Points | Cost Range | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTL | 1-6 pallets | 5-7 days | 4-6 transfers | $200-$800 | Small, durable freight on flexible timelines |
| PTL | 6-12 pallets | 2-3 days | 1-2 transfers | $800-$2,500 | Mid-sized, time-sensitive, or valuable cargo |
| FTL | 12-26 pallets | 1-2 days | Direct route | $1,500-$5,000+ | Large volume or dedicated delivery needs |
Ideal Shipment Scenarios
PTL shipping excels in several specific scenarios where volume, timing, and cargo characteristics align perfectly. Regional distribution runs between 500-1,500 miles are ideal, as PTL offers significantly faster transit than LTL without the premium cost of FTL. Seasonal businesses dealing with fluctuating volumes benefit from PTL’s flexibility—you can scale capacity up during peak seasons without committing to full truckloads. High-value shipments worth $50,000 or more particularly benefit from PTL’s direct routing and minimal handling, which reduces damage risk while maintaining reasonable costs. Additionally, when you’re consolidating multiple smaller shipments going to the same region, PTL allows you to batch 6-10 pallets together for more efficient, cost-effective delivery than sending multiple LTL shipments.
| Scenario | Freight Volume | Typical Distance | Timeline | Why PTL Works | Potential Savings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regional distribution | 8-10 pallets | 500-1,500 miles | 2-3 days | Cost-effective with fewer touches | 25-35% vs FTL |
| Seasonal overflow | 6-12 pallets | Any distance | Flexible | Scales with demand fluctuations | 15-30% vs peak FTL rates |
| High-value goods | 4-10 pallets | Any distance | Time-sensitive | Direct routing reduces damage risk | Lower insurance + damage costs |
| Multi-stop consolidation | 6-12 pallets | Regional | 2-4 days | Combines destinations efficiently | 30-40% vs multiple LTL |
Industries That Benefit from PTL
Manufacturing operations frequently leverage PTL for just-in-time component delivery to assembly plants, shipping 6-12 pallets of parts that keep production lines running without requiring costly inventory warehousing. Retail businesses use PTL extensively for store restocking and seasonal merchandise distribution, as it provides the speed needed to respond to sales trends while accommodating variable order sizes between 8-12 pallets. The food and beverage industry relies on PTL for regional distribution of perishable goods, where the faster transit times and temperature-controlled options protect product quality during shipment. E-commerce and third-party logistics providers find PTL invaluable for transfers between fulfillment centers, as shipping volumes naturally fall into the 7-11 pallet range when moving inventory between facilities to balance stock levels across regions.
| Industry | Typical PTL Use Cases | Key Benefits | Example Shipments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing | Component delivery, raw materials | Just-in-time delivery, reduced inventory costs | 8 pallets of automotive parts ($35,000 value) |
| Retail | Store restocking, seasonal merchandise | Faster than LTL, flexible volume handling | 10 pallets of apparel to regional stores |
| Food & Beverage | Regional distribution, perishables | Temperature control, speed to market | 6-12 pallets of refrigerated goods |
| E-commerce | Fulfillment center transfers | Scalable with sales volume, inventory balancing | 7 pallets of mixed SKUs between warehouses |
| Furniture & Home Goods | Showroom delivery, retail distribution | Reduced damage from minimal handling | 9 pallets of furniture ($45,000 value) |
Cargo Types Best Suited for PTL
PTL shipping is specifically designed for mid-volume freight that occupies 8-18 linear feet of trailer space, typically consisting of 6-12 standard pallets weighing between 5,000 and 25,000 pounds total. High-value products worth $50,000 or more per shipment benefit significantly from PTL’s reduced handling and direct routing, which minimizes damage risk while keeping costs reasonable. Fragile or sensitive items such as electronics, medical equipment, and precision machinery are ideal PTL candidates because they encounter fewer transfer points—typically only 1-2 compared to the 4-6 transfers common in LTL shipping, reducing the likelihood of damage by up to 60%. Time-sensitive cargo requiring delivery within 2-3 days but not requiring expensive expedited services also finds PTL optimal, as does freight that’s too large for economical LTL rates but doesn’t fill enough space to justify the $1,500-$5,000+ cost of a dedicated full truckload.
| Cargo Characteristic | Ideal for PTL | Not Ideal for PTL | Decision Point |
|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | 6-12 pallets (8-18 linear feet) | <4 pallets or >16 pallets | Below this range: Use LTL / Above: Consider FTL |
| Weight | 5,000-25,000 lbs | <2,000 lbs or >35,000 lbs | Weight thresholds determine rate efficiency |
| Value | High-value ($50,000+) | Very low-value bulk goods (<$5,000) | Reduced handling protects valuable items |
| Fragility | Fragile, sensitive equipment | Highly durable commodities | Fewer transfers = 60% less damage risk |
| Time Sensitivity | Moderate urgency (2-3 days) | Next-day or no deadline | Balance of speed and cost |
| Dimensions | Standard pallets 48”x40” | Oversized or irregular loads | Standard dimensions optimize space utilization |
Product Categories Best Suited for PTL:
- Electronics and technology equipment
- Medical devices and pharmaceutical supplies
- Furniture and home furnishings
- Display fixtures and retail equipment
- Industrial machinery components
- Auto parts and accessories
- Packaged food products requiring temperature control
Challenges and Considerations of PTL Shipping
While partial truckload shipping offers significant advantages, it comes with specific challenges that businesses must understand before implementation. Transit times can be less predictable than full truckload services since carriers may consolidate multiple shipments along the route, potentially adding 1-2 days compared to dedicated FTL service. Scheduling flexibility is another consideration—PTL requires more advance planning than LTL because carriers need to coordinate multiple partial loads, which means last-minute bookings may face limited availability or premium pricing. Additionally, your freight will experience more handling touchpoints than FTL, though significantly fewer than LTL, which requires careful packaging to protect goods during loading and unloading.
Regional availability and carrier selection can also present challenges, particularly in rural areas or less-traveled shipping lanes where PTL services may be limited. Not all freight carriers offer PTL services, as it requires specialized logistics capabilities to efficiently match and consolidate compatible shipments. Businesses must also consider the trade-off between cost savings and service level—while PTL is more economical than FTL, it won’t provide the same speed or dedicated service. Understanding these limitations upfront helps companies set realistic expectations and determine whether PTL aligns with their specific shipping requirements and timeline constraints.
| Challenge | Impact | Mitigation Strategy |
|---|---|---|
| Transit time variability | 1-3 days longer than FTL | Build buffer time into delivery schedules |
| Limited scheduling flexibility | Fewer departure windows available | Plan shipments 3-5 days in advance |
| Handling frequency | 3-5 touchpoints vs. 2 for FTL | Use quality packaging and reliable carriers |
| Carrier availability | Limited options in some regions | Establish relationships with multiple PTL providers |
| Load compatibility | Delayed shipments if matches aren’t found | Work with carriers who have extensive networks |
Cost-Benefit Analysis
The economic sweet spot for PTL shipping typically occurs when you’re shipping between 6 and 18 pallets (approximately 5,000-20,000 lbs), where costs are roughly 30-50% less than FTL but only 10-30% more than LTL. To determine if PTL makes financial sense for your operation, calculate the total cost per pallet: if you’re paying $2,500 for FTL to ship 10 pallets, that’s $250 per pallet, whereas PTL might cost $1,600 total ($160 per pallet), saving $900 per shipment. However, businesses must also factor in hidden costs such as potential inventory holding costs from longer transit times, the value of goods being shipped (higher-value items may warrant FTL’s reduced handling), and the cost of potential delays if tight delivery windows are critical. The break-even analysis should include frequency of shipments—companies shipping multiple partial loads monthly often achieve better rates through volume commitments with PTL carriers.
| Shipment Size | LTL Cost Range | PTL Cost Range | FTL Cost Range | Recommended Choice |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-5 pallets (1,000-5,000 lbs) | $400-$900 | Not available | $2,200-$3,500 | LTL |
| 6-10 pallets (5,000-12,000 lbs) | $900-$1,600 | $1,200-$2,000 | $2,200-$3,500 | PTL |
| 11-18 pallets (12,000-20,000 lbs) | $1,400-$2,200 | $1,600-$2,400 | $2,200-$3,500 | PTL |
| 19-24 pallets (20,000-28,000 lbs) | $1,900-$2,800 | $1,900-$2,700 | $2,200-$3,500 | PTL or FTL |
| Full trailer 25+ pallets (28,000+ lbs) | Not practical | Not available | $2,200-$3,500 | FTL |
Note: Costs shown are approximate ranges for typical 500-1,000 mile shipments and vary by lane, season, and market conditions.
Distance and Route Considerations
Distance plays a crucial role in PTL shipping efficiency, with the optimal range falling between 250 and 1,500 miles where carriers can effectively consolidate loads along established routes. Shipments under 250 miles may not generate enough cost savings over LTL to justify PTL, while distances exceeding 1,500 miles increase transit times to 5-7 days or more, making FTL more attractive for time-sensitive freight. Geographic considerations also matter significantly—major shipping lanes between industrial hubs (such as Chicago to Atlanta or Los Angeles to Dallas) offer more frequent PTL service and better pricing due to high demand and easy load matching, while rural or off-highway routes may face limited availability, higher costs, or require LTL alternatives. Businesses shipping to or from less-populated areas should verify PTL service availability in their specific lanes before committing to this shipping method.
| Distance Range | Typical Transit Time | PTL Suitability | Key Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Under 250 miles | 1-2 days | Moderate | Limited cost advantage over LTL |
| 250-750 miles | 2-3 days | High | Sweet spot for PTL efficiency |
| 750-1,500 miles | 3-5 days | High | Excellent consolidation opportunities |
| 1,500-2,000 miles | 4-6 days | Moderate | Compare carefully with FTL pricing |
| Over 2,000 miles | 6+ days | Low | FTL or intermodal often more practical |
Common Misconceptions About PTL
Many shippers mistakenly view PTL as simply “premium LTL” when in reality it’s a distinct service with dedicated trailer space that eliminates the multi-terminal handling characteristic of LTL networks—PTL typically involves only 3-4 handling points compared to LTL’s 6-8 touchpoints. Another widespread myth is that PTL always costs exactly half of FTL pricing, but actual costs vary dramatically based on lane density, seasonal demand, and available capacity, ranging anywhere from 40% to 70% of FTL rates. Some businesses also assume they can book PTL service with the same last-minute flexibility as LTL, but PTL requires advance planning (typically 3-5 days) because carriers need time to match compatible partial loads heading in the same direction. Understanding that PTL occupies a specific niche—not a universal solution for all mid-sized shipments—helps companies set realistic expectations and use this service effectively when conditions align with their shipping needs.
| Misconception | Reality | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| “PTL is just upgraded LTL service” | PTL uses dedicated trailer space with direct routing | Affects damage rates, transit times, and handling |
| “PTL always costs 50% of FTL” | Pricing ranges from 40-70% of FTL depending on lane | Need accurate quotes for budget planning |
| “You can book PTL same-day” | Requires 3-5 days advance notice for load matching | Could face capacity constraints or miss shipment windows |
| “PTL is always faster than LTL” | Speed depends on route optimization, not service type | Must verify actual transit times for your specific lane |
| “All major carriers offer PTL” | PTL is specialized with fewer providers | Limits carrier options, especially in rural areas |
| “PTL eliminates all freight handling” | Still involves 3-4 touchpoints vs. 2 for FTL | Proper packaging remains essential for protection |
How to Get Started with Partial Truckload Shipping
Getting started with partial truckload (PTL) shipping is a straightforward process that begins with evaluating your freight needs and finding the right carrier partner. The key is understanding that PTL sits between LTL and FTL options, making it ideal for shipments that weigh between 5,000 and 30,000 pounds or occupy 6 to 18 linear feet of trailer space. Before diving in, assess your typical shipment volumes, frequency, and destinations to determine if PTL aligns with your logistics strategy.
The overall PTL process follows a clear workflow: request quotes from carriers or freight brokers, compare options based on pricing and service levels, book your shipment, prepare your freight according to carrier requirements, and schedule pickup. Most PTL shipments move faster than LTL because there are fewer stops along the route, typically delivering within 2-5 business days depending on distance. Once you understand the basics and establish relationships with reliable carriers, PTL shipping becomes a cost-effective solution that you can leverage regularly for mid-sized freight.
Requesting a PTL Quote
Requesting a PTL quote requires providing detailed information about your shipment to ensure accurate pricing. Start by contacting carriers directly, working with freight brokers, or using online freight marketplaces that specialize in PTL services. You’ll need to specify your freight’s total weight, dimensions (including number of pallets), freight class based on the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC), pickup and delivery locations with zip codes, desired shipping dates, and any special handling requirements like liftgate service or inside delivery. Most carriers respond with quotes within 24-48 hours, though instant quotes are available through some digital platforms. Always request quotes from at least 3-5 different carriers or brokers to compare pricing and service levels—rates can vary significantly based on the carrier’s current capacity and route optimization, and comparing options ensures you’re getting competitive pricing without sacrificing service quality.
Information Needed for a PTL Quote:
| Information Required | Why It Matters | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Freight weight | Determines capacity used and base rate | 8,000 lbs |
| Dimensions | Affects space allocation and trailer fit | 6 pallets, 48”×40”×60” each |
| Origin/Destination | Impacts route, distance, and pricing zones | Chicago, IL to Atlanta, GA |
| Freight class | Influences rate calculation (density-based) | Class 70 |
| Pickup/delivery dates | Affects availability and scheduling | Pickup: Nov 5, Delivery: Nov 8 |
| Special requirements | Additional services increase costs | Liftgate, inside delivery, hazmat |
| Commodity type | Affects handling and liability | Electronics, machinery, food products |
Choosing the Right Carrier
Selecting the right PTL carrier involves evaluating multiple factors beyond just price to ensure your freight arrives safely and on time. Consider the carrier’s experience with PTL shipments, their coverage in your specific shipping lanes, average transit times, claims history, and technology capabilities like real-time tracking and automated booking systems. Ask potential carriers about their on-time delivery rates (aim for 95% or higher), insurance coverage limits, and whether they operate their own fleet or broker out shipments. You’ll also need to decide whether to work directly with carriers or use a freight broker—direct relationships often provide better rates for regular shippers, while brokers offer access to multiple carriers and can handle the complexity of comparing options, though they add a service fee. Reading customer reviews and requesting references from businesses with similar shipping needs can provide valuable insights into reliability and service quality, particularly regarding how carriers handle your specific shipping lanes and whether their coverage area aligns with where you need consistent service.
PTL Carrier Selection Criteria:
| Criteria | What to Look For | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Experience | 5+ years in PTL, industry specialization | Expertise handling your specific freight type |
| Coverage | Direct service lanes, regional/national reach | Ensures consistent service in your routes |
| Transit times | 2-5 days typical, lane-specific estimates | Meets customer delivery expectations |
| Technology | TMS integration, GPS tracking, online portal | Real-time visibility and booking convenience |
| Insurance | Minimum $100,000 cargo coverage | Protects against loss or damage |
| Reputation | 95%+ on-time rate, low claims ratio | Reliability and quality indicator |
| Pricing | Transparent rates, no hidden fees | Budget predictability and cost control |
| Equipment | Well-maintained fleet, modern trucks | Reduces breakdown delays |
Preparing Your Shipment
Proper shipment preparation is critical for PTL shipping success and helps prevent damage, delays, and additional fees. Begin by palletizing your freight on standard 48”×40” pallets (GMA standard) or 48”×48” pallets, ensuring items are securely strapped or stretch-wrapped with weight evenly distributed—maximum pallet weight should typically not exceed 2,500 pounds unless using reinforced pallets. Different freight types have specific requirements: electronics need anti-static packaging and extra cushioning, food products may require temperature-controlled trailers and food-grade pallets, machinery should be crated with blocking and bracing, and hazardous materials must be properly classified, labeled, and documented according to DOT regulations. Complete your Bill of Lading (BOL) accurately with all shipment details, attach clear shipping labels to each pallet showing destination address and BOL number, and verify your freight classification to avoid reclassification charges. Common mistakes to avoid include underestimating weight or dimensions (which leads to reweigh fees), using damaged pallets that can collapse during transit, failing to weatherproof shipments for external loading docks, and not communicating accessorial needs like liftgate service upfront—these oversights can result in delivery delays, refused shipments, or unexpected charges that erode your cost savings.
PTL Shipment Preparation Checklist:
| Task | Requirements | Best Practice |
|---|---|---|
| Palletizing | Secure items on 48”×40” standard pallets | Use 4-5 layers of stretch wrap, ensure stability |
| Weight distribution | Max 2,500 lbs per pallet, centered load | Heavier items on bottom, distribute evenly |
| Packaging | Protect from handling and vibration | Corner protectors, bubble wrap, strapping |
| Labeling | Clear labels on 2+ sides of each pallet | Include BOL#, destination, handling icons |
| Documentation | Complete BOL, commercial invoice, packing list | Triple-check weight, dims, freight class |
| Freight class | Verify NMFC classification (density-based) | Calculate using: (Weight ÷ Cubic feet) × 1,728 |
| Scheduling | Book 24-48 hours advance, confirm pickup window | Have freight ready at dock, verify access |
| Special needs | Communicate requirements upfront | Specify liftgate, inside delivery, appointments |
What is the weight range for partial truckload?
Partial truckload shipping typically handles freight weighing between 5,000 and 20,000 pounds. This positions PTL between LTL (which generally covers shipments under 5,000 lbs) and FTL (which is optimal for loads exceeding 20,000 lbs or requiring a full 53-foot trailer). However, exceptions exist based on carrier capacity and specific shipping lanes—some carriers may accept PTL shipments starting at 4,000 pounds if the freight occupies sufficient linear feet, while others may extend PTL pricing up to 24,000 pounds on certain routes.
If your shipment falls just below the 5,000-pound threshold but occupies 6+ linear feet of trailer space, you may still qualify for PTL rates by contacting carriers directly, as density matters as much as weight. Conversely, if you’re slightly over 20,000 pounds but don’t need a full trailer, PTL can still be more economical than paying for unused FTL capacity—the key is discussing your specific shipment characteristics with your freight provider to determine the most cost-effective classification.
| Shipping Mode | Weight Range | Trailer Space | Typical Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| LTL | Up to 5,000 lbs | Less than 6 linear feet | Small shipments sharing trailer space with multiple customers |
| PTL | 5,000-20,000 lbs | 6-12 linear feet | Mid-size shipments with dedicated space and fewer stops |
| FTL | 20,000+ lbs | 12+ linear feet or full trailer | Large shipments requiring exclusive use of entire trailer |
Do I need exact dimensions for PTL shipping?
Yes, providing accurate dimensions is crucial for PTL shipping quotes and capacity planning. Carriers need to know the total weight, number of pallets, and the linear feet your freight will occupy (length × width × height of each pallet or crate) to allocate appropriate space in the trailer and provide accurate pricing. While rough estimates might work for initial inquiries, precise measurements prevent unexpected reweigh charges, capacity issues, or delays at pickup—if your shipment is larger than quoted, you may face additional fees or even refused pickup until proper arrangements are made.
| Information Type | Required? | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Total weight | Yes | Determines eligibility, pricing, and compliance |
| Pallet count | Yes | Affects space allocation and loading strategy |
| Dimensions (L×W×H) | Yes | Prevents capacity issues and ensures proper trailer fit |
| Stackability | Recommended | Optimizes space usage and may reduce costs |
| Special handling needs | If applicable | Fragile, hazardous, or temperature-sensitive freight requires disclosure |
How much does partial truckload shipping cost?
PTL shipping costs typically range from $0.75 to $2.50 per mile depending on factors like distance, weight, lane popularity, and seasonal demand. For a 1,000-mile shipment weighing 10,000 pounds, you might expect to pay between $750 and $2,500. PTL becomes most economical when your shipment is too large for cost-effective LTL rates (where per-hundredweight charges add up quickly) but doesn’t require a full truck—paying for unused trailer space with FTL makes PTL the smart middle ground that often saves 20-40% compared to LTL for qualifying shipments.
Be aware of potential additional charges beyond the base rate, including fuel surcharges (typically 15-25% of base cost), liftgate service ($50-$150 per pickup or delivery), inside delivery ($75-$200), residential delivery fees ($75-$150), and reweigh or reclassification charges if your shipment dimensions or weight differ from what was quoted. Many PTL carriers also charge detention fees ($50-$100 per hour) if loading or unloading exceeds the standard 2-hour window, so having your freight ready and ensuring adequate labor at both ends helps avoid these extra costs.
| Shipping Mode | Cost Structure | Average Cost Example* | When It’s Most Economical |
|---|---|---|---|
| LTL | Per hundredweight + fuel surcharge + accessorials | $1,200-$1,800 | Shipments under 5,000 lbs or very small volumes |
| PTL | Flat rate or per-pound rate | $900-$1,400 | 5,000-20,000 lbs on direct or semi-direct routes |
| FTL | Flat rate per truck | $1,500-$2,500 | Over 20,000 lbs or when full trailer space is needed |
*Based on a 10,000 lb shipment traveling 1,000 miles
Key Cost Factors:
| Factor | Impact on Cost | How to Optimize |
|---|---|---|
| Distance | Longer routes increase per-mile charges | Consolidate shipments to reduce frequency |
| Weight & density | Heavier/denser loads cost more but may have better per-pound rates | Accurate quotes prevent surprises |
| Lane popularity | Less common routes command premium pricing | Plan ahead and be flexible with timing |
| Seasonality | Peak seasons (summer, holidays) increase rates by 15-30% | Ship during off-peak periods when possible |
| Fuel prices | Fuel surcharges fluctuate with market rates | Factor in current fuel costs when budgeting |
Is PTL faster than LTL?
Yes, PTL is typically significantly faster than LTL shipping, with transit times of 1-3 days compared to LTL’s 3-7 days for similar distances. The speed advantage comes from PTL’s direct or limited-stop delivery model—your freight shares space with only one or two other shipments rather than dozens, meaning fewer terminal stops and less handling. This reduced touching of your cargo (typically 1-2 times versus 3-5+ times with LTL) not only speeds delivery but also decreases damage risk, making PTL ideal for time-sensitive shipments where paying slightly more than LTL rates is worthwhile to gain 2-4 days in transit time.
However, LTL can occasionally match PTL speeds on heavily trafficked direct lanes between major metro areas where carriers run daily or twice-daily service with minimal intermediate stops—in these cases, LTL might deliver in 2-3 days at a lower cost. Regarding guaranteed delivery, while some PTL carriers offer time-definite service with guaranteed delivery windows for an additional 10-20% premium, standard PTL service provides estimated delivery times rather than guarantees, though its streamlined routing makes it more reliable and predictable than standard LTL.
| Shipping Mode | Typical Transit Time* | Number of Stops/Terminals | Handling Frequency | Damage Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTL | 3-7 days | Multiple terminals (3-6+) | High (3-5+ touches) | Higher due to frequent handling |
| PTL | 1-3 days | Direct or 1 intermediate stop | Low (1-2 touches) | Lower with minimal handling |
| FTL | 1-2 days | Direct delivery | Minimal (1 touch) | Lowest with dedicated transport |
*For shipments traveling 500-1,000 miles under normal conditions
Frequently Asked Questions
FAQ for this topic
When does partial truckload beat LTL or full truckload?
Partial truckload fits shipments larger than typical LTL, often six to eighteen pallets, but not enough to justify paying for a full trailer. It reduces handling compared to LTL and can be priced more efficiently than booking a full truck.
Because the freight usually stays on the same trailer, damage risk drops versus LTL cross docking. Transit can also be faster on certain lanes.
Compare options when weight is above five thousand to eight thousand pounds, the freight is non stackable, or you want fewer touches than LTL provides.
How are partial truckload rates calculated?
Pricing is often lane based and considers the space and weight your freight occupies rather than freight class. Carriers assess linear feet, weight, and whether the freight is stackable.
Fuel surcharges and accessorials still apply, but class based reweigh or reclass fees are less common than in LTL. Accurate dimensions prevent repricing.
Seasonality and backhaul opportunities can shift rates. Booking flexibility around peak seasons helps secure better pricing.
What are best practices for preparing freight for partial truckload?
Palletize securely with banding and stretch wrap. Keep freight within pallet edges to allow tight loading and reduce risk of fork damage.
Mark non stackable freight clearly. If it can be double stacked safely, tell the carrier to improve trailer utilization and pricing.
Provide accurate weight and dimensions, and share loading constraints such as dock height or appointment needs to avoid delays.
How do transit times compare for partial truckload?
Partial truckload typically moves direct or with minimal touches, so it can be faster than LTL for similar distances. It is still not a dedicated truck, so routing depends on carrier network and consolidation.
Expect variability based on how the carrier pairs your freight with other loads. Clear pickup and delivery windows help them plan efficient routes.
For urgent loads, ask about team drivers or guaranteed service options. Some carriers offer expedited partial for time sensitive freight.
What accessorials should I plan for with partial truckload?
Common add ons include liftgate, residential or limited access delivery, inside delivery, and appointment fees. Because trailers are often fifty three feet, verify maneuverability at the site.
Detention and layover charges can apply if loading or unloading is slow. Prepare docks, paperwork, and staffing to keep dwell time low.
If freight cannot be stacked or requires special equipment, disclose it during quoting. Transparent details prevent repricing and service issues.